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a: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}=5\\\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{4}{y}=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}=5\\\dfrac{2}{x}-\dfrac{8}{y}=-6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{11}{y}=11\\\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{4}{y}=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\\dfrac{1}{x}=-3+\dfrac{4}{y}=-3+4=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
b: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{12}{x-3}-\dfrac{5}{y+2}=63\\\dfrac{8}{x-3}+\dfrac{15}{y+2}=-13\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{36}{x-3}-\dfrac{15}{y+2}=189\\\dfrac{8}{x-3}+\dfrac{15}{y+2}=-13\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{44}{x-3}=176\\\dfrac{8}{x-3}+\dfrac{15}{y+2}=-13\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=\dfrac{1}{4}\\\dfrac{15}{y+2}=-13-\dfrac{8}{x-3}=-13-32=-45\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{13}{4}\\y=-\dfrac{1}{3}-2=-\dfrac{7}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải hệ sau :
Câu a :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-1\\2x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-1\\-x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-3\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...........................
Câu b :
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=a\\\dfrac{1}{y}=b\end{matrix}\right.\) . Ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=\dfrac{1}{5}\\3a+4b=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a+3b=\dfrac{3}{5}\\3a+4b=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-b=-\dfrac{7}{5}\\3a+4b=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=\dfrac{7}{5}\\a=-\dfrac{6}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{7}{5}\\\dfrac{1}{y}=-\dfrac{6}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{7}\\y=-\dfrac{5}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy..................
\(a,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=4\\x+5y=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=4\\2x+10y=6\end{matrix}\right.\left\{{}\begin{matrix}11y=2\\2x+10y=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{2}{11}\\2x+10.\dfrac{2}{11}=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{2}{11}\\2x=\dfrac{46}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{2}{11}\\x=\dfrac{23}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2}x-y=3\\x+\sqrt{2}y=\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2}x-y=3\\\sqrt{2}x+2y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-3y=1\\x+\sqrt{2}y=\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\\x=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\\x=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}\cdot\dfrac{-1}{3}=\dfrac{4\sqrt{2}}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{4\sqrt{2}}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{2}-2y=\dfrac{3}{4}\\2x+\dfrac{y}{3}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-8y=3\\2x+\dfrac{1}{3}y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\dfrac{25}{3}y=\dfrac{10}{3}\\2x-8y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{2}{5}\\2x=3+8y=3+8\cdot\dfrac{-2}{5}=-\dfrac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
hay \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{10}\\y=-\dfrac{2}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{10}\\y=-\dfrac{2}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2x-3y}{4}-\dfrac{x+y-1}{5}=2x-y-1\\\dfrac{x+y-1}{3}+\dfrac{4x-y-2}{4}=\dfrac{2x-y-3}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{5\left(2x-3y\right)}{20}-\dfrac{4\left(x+y-1\right)}{20}=\dfrac{20\left(2x-y-1\right)}{20}\\\dfrac{4\left(x+y-1\right)}{12}+\dfrac{3\left(4x-y-2\right)}{12}=\dfrac{2\left(2x-y-3\right)}{12}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}10x-15y-4x-4y+4=40x-20y-20\\4x+4y-4+12x-3y-6=4x-2y-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6x-19y+4-40x+20y+20=0\\16x+y-10-4x+2y+6=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-34x+y=-24\\12x+3y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-102x+3y=-72\\12x+3y=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-114x=-76\\12x+3y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\12\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}+3y=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\3y=4-8=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
hay \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-3y=1\\x+2y=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\cdot\left(3-2y\right)-3y=1\\x=3-2y\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6-7y=1\\x=3-2y\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{5}{7}\\x=3-2\cdot\dfrac{5}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{5}{7}\\x=\dfrac{11}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)b) Biểu diễn lại một biến theo một biến như pt trên rồi giải, ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+4y=5\\4x-2y=2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{9}{10}\\y=\dfrac{4}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Cách làm tương tự như pt a ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{3}x+\dfrac{1}{2}y=\dfrac{2}{3}\\\dfrac{1}{3}x-\dfrac{3}{4}y=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{9}{8}\\y=-\dfrac{1}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) Tương tự ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}0,3x-0,2y=0,5\\0,5x+0,4y=1,2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
3a)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x-2}+\dfrac{1}{2y-1}=2\\\dfrac{2}{x-2}-\dfrac{3}{2y-1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) (ĐK: x≠2;y≠\(\dfrac{1}{2}\))
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{x-2}=a;\dfrac{1}{2y-1}=b\) (ĐK: a>0; b>0)
Hệ phương trình đã cho trở thành
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=2\\2a-3b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2-b\\2\left(2-b\right)-3b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2-b\\4-2b-3b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2-b\\b=\dfrac{3}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{7}{5}\left(TM\text{Đ}K\right)\\b=\dfrac{3}{5}\left(TM\text{Đ}K\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) Khi đó \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x-2}=\dfrac{7}{5}\\\dfrac{1}{2y-1}=\dfrac{3}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7\left(x-2\right)=5\\3\left(2y-1\right)=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7x-14=5\\6y-3=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{19}{7}\left(TM\text{Đ}K\right)\\y=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(TM\text{Đ}K\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) Vậy hệ phương trình đã cho có nghiệm duy nhất (x;y)=\(\left(\dfrac{19}{7};\dfrac{4}{3}\right)\)
b) Bạn làm tương tự như câu a kết quả là (x;y)=\(\left(\dfrac{12}{5};\dfrac{-14}{5}\right)\)
c)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-1}+2\sqrt{y}=13\\2\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{y}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)(ĐK: x≥1;y≥0)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-1}+2\sqrt{y}=13\\\sqrt{y}=2\sqrt{x-1}-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-1}+4\sqrt{x-1}=13\\\sqrt{y}=2\sqrt{x-1}-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7\sqrt{x-1}=13\\\sqrt{y}=2\sqrt{x-1}-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}49\left(x-1\right)=169\\\sqrt{y}=2\sqrt{x-1}-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}49x-49=169\\\sqrt{y}=2\sqrt{x-1}-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{218}{49}\\y=\dfrac{4}{49}\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\text{Đ}K\right)\)
Bài 4:
Theo đề, ta có hệ:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\left(3a-2\right)-2\left(2b+1\right)=30\\3\left(a+2\right)+2\left(3b-1\right)=-20\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>9a-6-4b-2=30 và 3a+6+6b-2=-20
=>9a-4b=38 và 3a+6b=-20+2-6=-24
=>a=2; b=-5
\(a)\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=3\\x+2y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=3\\2x+4y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-5y=5\\2x+4y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy nghiệm hệ phương trình là (1; -1)
\(b)\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{2}x-y=\dfrac{1}{2}\\3x-2y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-2y=1\\3x-2y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow0x-0y=0\left(VSN\right)\)
Vậy hệ phương trình vô số nghiệm
\(c)\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5\left(x+2y\right)=3x-1\\2x+4=3\left(x-5y\right)-12\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x+10y=3x-1\\2x+4=3x-15y-12\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x-3x+10y=-1\\2x-3x+15y=-12-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+10y=-1\\-x+15y=-16\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+10y=-1\\-2x+30y=-32\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}40y=-33\\-2x+30y=-32\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{33}{40}\\x=\dfrac{29}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy nghiệm hệ phương trình là \(\left(\dfrac{29}{8};-\dfrac{33}{40}\right)\)
a: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2x+4-5}{x+2}-\dfrac{5}{y-1}=-\dfrac{14}{3}\\\dfrac{3}{x+2}+\dfrac{2y-2+5}{y-1}=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{-5}{x+2}-\dfrac{5}{y-1}=-\dfrac{14}{3}-2=-\dfrac{20}{3}\\\dfrac{3}{x+2}+\dfrac{5}{y-1}=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>x+2=3 và y-1=1
=>x=1 và y=2
b: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{-2x}{x-1}+\dfrac{3}{y+2}=\dfrac{-2}{5}\\\dfrac{-5}{x-1}-\dfrac{4y}{y+2}=\dfrac{1}{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{-2x+2-2}{x-1}+\dfrac{3}{y+2}=\dfrac{-2}{5}\\\dfrac{-5}{x-1}-\dfrac{4y+8-8}{y+2}=\dfrac{1}{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\dfrac{2}{x-1}+\dfrac{3}{y+2}=-\dfrac{2}{5}+2=\dfrac{8}{5}\\\dfrac{-5}{x-1}+\dfrac{8}{y+2}=\dfrac{1}{10}-4=-\dfrac{39}{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>x-1=-2/49 và y+2=-5/79
=>x=47/49 và y=-5/79-2=-163/79