Chứng minh \(\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{2018\sqrt{2017}}< 2\)
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a/ Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}=\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}=\sqrt{2019}-1\)
a.\(A=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)}+...+\dfrac{\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}}{\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)}=\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}=\sqrt{2019}-1\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}{\left(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}\right)}-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}{\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}\right)}-...+\dfrac{\sqrt{2017}+\sqrt{2018}}{\left(\sqrt{2017}+\sqrt{2018}\right)\left(\sqrt{2017}-\sqrt{2018}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}{1-2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}{2-3}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}{3-4}-...+\dfrac{\sqrt{2017}+\sqrt{2018}}{2017-2018}\)
\(=-\left(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}\right)+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)+...-\left(\sqrt{2017}+\sqrt{2018}\right)\)
\(=-\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{4}+...-\sqrt{2017}-\sqrt{2018}\)
\(=-\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2018}\)
Ta chứng minh được công thức \(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^4+2a^3b+a^2b^2+2ab^3+b^4}{a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{a^2+ab+b^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\right)^2}=\dfrac{a^2+ab+b^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
\(A=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{2016^2}+\dfrac{1}{2017^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{2017^2}+\dfrac{1}{2018^2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{1}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+1+\dfrac{1}{2016}-\dfrac{1}{2017}+1+\dfrac{1}{2017}-\dfrac{1}{2018}\)
=>A là số hữu tỉ (ĐPCM)
bạn chứng minh bài toán tổng quát : \(A=\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)^2}}=1+\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{a+1}\)rồi áp dụng vào giải bài này nhé
Lời giải:
Xét \(1+\frac{1}{n^2}+\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}=\frac{n^2+1}{n^2}+\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}\)
\(=\frac{(n+1)^2-2n}{n^2}+\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}=\left(\frac{n+1}{n}\right)^2+\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}-\frac{2}{n}\)
\(=\left(\frac{n+1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)^2=\left(1+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{1+\frac{1}{n^2}+\frac{1}{(n+1)^2}}=1+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán suy ra:
\(A=1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+1+\frac{1}{2017}-\frac{1}{2018}\)
\(=2016+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2018}=2016,5-\frac{1}{2018}\)
a)=\(\dfrac{3\sqrt{6}}{2}+\dfrac{2\sqrt{6}}{3}-\dfrac{4\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{6}}{3}-\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{2} \)
=\(\dfrac{4\sqrt{6}}{6}-\dfrac{3\sqrt{6}}{6}=\dfrac{\sqrt[]{6}}{6}\)
b)\(\dfrac{D}{\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{\sqrt{3}+1}+1-\sqrt{\sqrt{3}+1}+1}{\sqrt{3}+1-1}\)
\(\dfrac{D}{\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\)
D=2