Cho a, b, c là các số thực dương thỏa mãn \(\dfrac{1}{a+b+1}+\dfrac{1}{b+c+1}+\dfrac{1}{c+a+1}\ge1\). Cmr a + b + c \(\ge\) ab + bc + ca
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Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{y}{x};\dfrac{z}{y};\dfrac{x}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{y}{x}\left(\dfrac{z}{y}+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{z}{y}\left(\dfrac{x}{z}+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{x}{z}\left(\dfrac{y}{x}+1\right)}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}=\dfrac{x^2}{xy+xz}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy+yz}+\dfrac{z^2}{xz+yz}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{2}{a+2}+\dfrac{2}{b+2}+\dfrac{2}{c+2}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{a+2}-1+\dfrac{2}{b+2}-1+\dfrac{2}{c+2}-1\ge2-3\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge\dfrac{a}{a+2}+\dfrac{b}{b+2}+\dfrac{c}{c+2}=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+2a}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+2b}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+2c}\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+2a+b^2+2b+c^2+2c}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\) đpcm
Phía trên thoả mãn \(\ge1\) chứ không phải 3/2 đâu ạ
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{a};\sqrt{b};\sqrt{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=1\)
BĐT trở thành: \(\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}+\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}+\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{x^2+z^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(x^2+z^2+y^2+z^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+z\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y+z\right)^2\ge\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}\le\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{xy}{x+z}+\dfrac{xy}{y+z}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{yz}{x+z}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{z^2+x^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx}{x+y}+\dfrac{zx}{y+z}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx+yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{xy+zx}{y+z}+\dfrac{yz+xy}{z+x}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\) hay \(a=b=c\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b+1}+\dfrac{1}{b+c+1}+\dfrac{1}{c+a+1}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\ge\dfrac{a+b}{a+b+1}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c+1}+\dfrac{c+a}{c+a+1}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2+a+b}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{\left(b+c\right)^2+b+c}+\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(c+a\right)^2+c+a}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca+a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)đpcm
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$(a^2+b^2+1)(1+1+c^2)\geq (a+b+c)^2$
$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a^2+b^2+1}\leq \frac{c^2+2}{(a+b+c)^2}$
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế:
$\text{VT}\leq \frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}{(a+b+c)^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2(ab+bc+ac)}\leq \frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2.3}=1$
Ta có đpcm.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\right)\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
Áp dụng BĐT quen thuộc:
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{9\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{9\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc+9abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Do \(3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc\left(a+b+c\right)=9abc\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge9abc\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge9\)
Hiển nhiên đúng do \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}=9\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\((a+b+1)(a+b+c^2)\geq (a+b+c)^2\Rightarrow a+b+1\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{a+b+c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+b+1}\leq \frac{a+b+c^2}{(a+b+c)^2}\)
Tương tự cho các phân thức còn lại, suy ra:
\(1\leq \frac{1}{a+b+1}+\frac{1}{b+c+1}+\frac{1}{a+c+1}\leq \frac{a+b+c^2}{(a+b+c)^2}+\frac{b+c+a^2}{(a+b+c)^2}+\frac{c+a+b^2}{(a+b+c)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 1\leq \frac{2(a+b+c)+a^2+b^2+c^2}{(a+b+c)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)^2\leq 2(a+b+c)+a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac\leq a+b+c\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$