DẠNG BÀI TẬP VIẾT LẠI CÂU PHƯƠNG PHÁP LÀM BÀI Bước 1: Đọc kỹ câu mẫu và cố gắng hiểu ý chính của câu đó. Chú ý đến những từ khóa và cấu trúc được sử dụng ở câu gốc. Bước 2: Đọc những từ cho sẵn ở câu cần viết lại. Dựa vào cấu trúc ở câu mẫu và đưa ra cách viết lại theo cấu trúc khác mà vẫn giữ được ý chính của câu mẫu. Bước 3: Viết câu mới đúng ngữ pháp, đúng chính tả theo câu trúc mới. Bước 4: Đọc và kiểm tra lại câu mới và chỉnh sửa nếu cần. CÁC CÔNG THỨC VÀ MẸO LÀM BÀI TẬP BÁM SÁT DẠNG 1: CHUYỂN TỪ THÌ QKĐ -> HTHT VÀ NGƯỢC LẠI 1. S + began / started + to V/ V-ing + time ago (Có began / start : bắt đầu) => S + have / has + V3 / ed + for khoảng thời gian / since + mốc thời gian (HTHT) => S + have / has + been + V-ing + for khoảng thời gian / since + mốc thời gian (HTHTTD) 2. S + last + Ved +thời gian + ago: Lần cuối cùng làm gì => S + have/ has +not + V3/ ed + for + thời gian => It’s + time+ since + S + last + Ved. => The last time + S + V2/ ed + was + time + ago. 3. This is the first time + S +have /has+ V3/ed : Lần đầu làm gì => S + have/ has + never + V3/ed + before => S + have/ has + not + V3/ed + before 4. This is the Superlative (…est/ most ADJ N) S +have / has+ V3/ed => S +have/ has + never + V3/ed + such a/an+ ADJ+ N => S+ have/ has never+ V3/ed + a more + ADJ+ N than this DẠNG 2: CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI SO...THAT, SUCH...THAT, ENOUGH , TOO 1. TOO....TO (-) quá ...đến nỗi không thể... S + V + too + Adj / Adv + (for O) + TO-V 2. ENOUGH....TO : đủ S + V + Adj + enough + (for O) + To-V S + V + enough + N + (for O) + To-V 3. SO....THAT S + V + so + Adj / Adv + that + S + V 4. SUCH ......THAT S + V + such + (a/an) + Adj + N + that + S + V 5. IN ORDER THAT -> IN ORDER TO S + V + so that/ in order that+ S + V (chỉ mục đích) S + V + to / in order to / so as to + V DẠNG 3: CHUYỂN ĐỔI BECAUSE & ALTHOUGH 1. BECAUSE -> BECAUSE OF BECAUSE + CLAUSE (S V), .... BECAUSE OF + NP (V-ING / TTSH + N/ THE + ADJ + N) 2. ALTHOUGH -> IN SPITE OF / DESPITE ALTHOUGH + CLAUSE (S V), .... IN SPITE OF + NP (V-ING / TTSH + N/ THE + ADJ + N) QUY TẮC CHUNG 1) Nếu S ở 2 mệnh đề giống nhau và là động từ thường => Bỏ chủ từ, V thêm ING . Ex: Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time. => Despite / in spite of getting up late, Tom got to school on time. 2) Nếu chủ từ là danh từ + be + tính từ => Đem tính từ đặt trước danh từ, bỏ to be Ex: Although the rain is heavy,....... => Despite / in spite of the heavy rain, ...... 3) Nếu chủ từ là đại từ + be + tính từ: (đại từ = he / she/ they/ you/ we/ it) - Đổi đại từ thành TTSH ( his / her / their...) ,đổi tính từ thành danh từ , bỏ “ to be” Ex: Although he was sick,........ => Despite / in spite of his sickness,....... 4) Nếu chủ từ là đại từ + V + Adv - Đổi đại từ thành TTSH ( his / her / their...), động từ thành danh từ ,trạng từ thành tính từ đặt trước danh từ Ex: Although He behaved impolitely,..... => Despite / in spite of his impolite behaviour,......... 5) Nếu câu có dạng: there be + danh từ => Thì bỏ there be Ex: Although there was an accident,..... => Despite / in spite of an accident,...... 6) Nếu câu có dạng : It (be) + tính từ về thời tiết => Đổi tính từ thành danh từ thêm the phía trước. Ex: Although it was rainy, ..... => Despite/in spite of the rain, ………. 7) Nếu câu có dạng: Danh từ + (be) + V3/ed ( câu bị động) => Đổi V3/ed thành danh từ, thêm the phía trước và of phía sau, danh từ câu trên đem xuống để sau of Ex: Although television was invented, ..... => Despite / in spite of the invention of television, ………. 8 ) Phương pháp cuối cùng cũng là phương pháp dễ nhất : thêm the fact that trước mệnh đề. Ex: Although he behaved impolitely,..... => Despite / in spite of the fact that he behaved impolitely,... DẠNG 4: CÂU NHẤN MẠNH 1 . It’s + adj + (for O) + To-V : Ai đó làm gì như thế nào? => Ving...+ be + ADJ + (for sb) => S + find + Ving/ it/ N + ADJ + To-V 2. That- clause + be + Adj => S + V + it + Adj + that- clause DẠNG 7: SUGGEST Các cấu trúc liên quan đến câu gián tiếp - Đề nghị: Suggest Shall we+ V..../Let's+ V.../How/What about+ Ving..../Why dont we + V .. => S+ suggested+ Ving: đề nghị cùng làm gì. - Gợi ý cho người khác: “Why don’t you+ Vo? => S+ suggested+ that+ S+ should/shouldn't + V DẠNG 8: IF Đề cho 2 câu riêng biệt hoặc nối với nhau bằng các chữ như: so = that’s why (vì thế), because (bởi vì) Đối với dạng này nếu các em thấy : - Cả 2 câu đều chia thì tương lai thì dùng loại 1 (không phủ định) - Một bên hiện tại, một bên tương lai / hiện tại thì dùng loại 2 (đổi thể) - Nếu có quá khứ trong đó thì dùng loại 3 (phủ định) CHÚ Ý - Đề cho (-) viết lại (+) và ngược lại - Nếu có because lấy mệnh đề sau because là mệnh đề “if” - Nếu có so, that’s why thì thì viết bình thường Ví dụ: I will go there. I will buy you a dog. => If I go there, I will buy you a dog. I can’t go out because it is raining. => If it weren’t raining, I could go out. Unless -> If....not - Unless sẽ thế vào chỗ chữ if, bỏ not, vế kia giữ nguyên. Ex: If you don’t speak loudly, he won’t hear. => Unless you speak loudly, he won’t hear. DẠNG 9: SO SÁNH HƠN / BẰNG / NHẤT / KÉP 1) A hơn B <=> B không bằng A Short-adj + er than => not + as / so + adj + as More + long-adj + Than Nguyên tắc : Nếu đề cho so sánh hơn thì ta đổi thành so sánh bằng + phủ định Ex: Tom is taller than Mary : Tom cao hơn Mary => Mary is not as / so tall as Tom : Mary không cao bằng Tom 2) không ai ... bằng A <=> A là ...nhất (the + short-adj + est / the most + long-adj) Nguyên tắc: So sánh bằng => so sánh nhất Ex: No one in the class is as tall as Tom: không ai trong lớp cao bằng Tom => Tom is the tallest in the class. (Tom cao nhất lớp) 3. So sánh kép - Mẫu câu càng ngày càng…, mỗi lúc một… - S + V + more and more + adj/adv - S + V + adj-er and adj-er/ adv-er and adv-er • Mẫu câu càng… thì càng… The + so sánh hơn S + V, the + so sánh hơn S + V DẠNG 10: PASSIVE VOICE Cách chuyển sang câu bị động: B1: Xác định S, V, O, trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn câu chủ động B2: Đưa O trong câu chủ động xuống làm S trong câu bị động B3: Xác định V trong câu chủ động ở thì gì thì chia “ tobe” ở thì đó B4: Lấy S trong câu chủ động đưa xuống làm O ở câu bị động và đặt “ by” trước O B5: Nếu trong câu có trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian (adv of time) và trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn (Adv of place) thì trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn đặt TRƯỚC “by” và trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian đặt SAU “by” Chú ý + Nếu S1 trong câu chủ động là : I, we, he, they , she, someone, people, something, somebody…ta có thể bỏ đi trong câu bị động + Nếu S1 trong câu chủ động là : No one, nobody, nothing (-) thì ta phải chia câu bị động ở thể phụ định rồi bỏ no one, nobody, nothing + Nếu câu có 2 tân ngữ , ta nên đưa tân ngữ 1 làm chủ ngữ, chia động từ , ghi lại tân ngữ 2 Câu bị động có động từ tường thuật / 2 chủ từ Những động từ tường thuật (Reporting Verbs = V1) thường gặp: think consider know believe say suppose suspect rumour declare Đề cho: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + O + ….. Cách 1: It + is /was + V3/ed + that + S + V….. Cách 2: S2 + be + V3/ed + To-V (2 V cùng thì) S2 + be + V3/ed + To have V3/ ed (2 V khác thì) DẠNG 11: IT TAKES / SPEND It takes / took + O + time + To-V = S + spend + time + V-ing DẠNG 12 : ĐẢO NGỮ 1. NO SOONER -> HARDLY ( Vừa mới ….. thì đã ) No sooner + had + S + V3/ed + than + S V = Hardly + had + S + V3/ed + when + S V = Scarely + had + S + V3/ed + when + S V 2. Only Only after /only when/only then/only if + trợ động từ + S + V… Only by + noun/V-ing + trợ động từ/ KK + S + V….: chỉ bằng cách làm gì Chú ý: nếu trong câu có hai mệnh đề, chúng ta dùng đảo ngữ ở mệnh đề thứ hai: Ex: Only when you grow up, can you understand it. 3 . Đảo ngữ với Not only……. but……also… Not only + TĐT + S + V but…. also………. Ex: Not only is he good at English but he also draws very well. 4. Đảo ngữ với SO So + Adj/ Adv + TĐT + S + V + that–clause (mệnh đề danh từ) Ex: So dark is it that I can’t write. So + adjective + be + N + clause Ex: So intelligent is that she can answer all questions in the interview. 5. Đảo ngữ với until/ till + clause/ Adv of time + TĐT + S + V |
Make the best choice
1. He was sentenced to six months in prison for his part in the robbery.
A. He received a six months in prison for his part in the robbery.
B. He received a six-month sentence for his part in the robbery.
C. For his participation in the robbery, he had been in prison for six months.
D. For his participation in the robbery, a prison had been given to him for six months.
2. Madeleine wears high heels to look taller.
A. In order to look taller, Madeleine wears high heels.
B. So that to look taller, Madeleine wears high heels.
C. Madeleine wants high heels to make her taller.
D. Madeleine buys high heels to look taller.
3. He started learning French six years ago.
A. He has learned French for six years.
B. It was six years ago did he start learning French.
C. He hasn't learnt French for six years.
D. It is six years since he has learnt French.
4. People believed he won a lot of money on the lottery.
A. He is believed that he won a lot of money on the lottery.
B. He won a lot of money on the lottery, it is believed.
C. He is believed to have won a lot of money on the lottery.
D. He was believed to win a lot of money on the lottery.
5. "Why don't you get your hair cut, Gavin?" said Adam.
A. Adam advised Gavin to cut his hair.
B. Gavin was suggested to have a haircut.
C. It was suggestible that Adam get Gavin's haircut.
D. Adam suggested that Gavin should have his haircut.
6. "Leave my house now or I'll call the police!" shouted the lady to the man.
A. The lady threatened to call the police if the man didn't leave her house.
B. The lady said that she would call the police if the man didn't leave her house.
C. The lady told the man that she would call the police if he didn't leave her house.
D. The lady informed the man that she would call the police if he didn't leave her house
7. "You should have finished the report by now" John told his secretary.
A. John reproached his secretary for not having finished the report.
B. John said that his secretary had not finished the report.
C. John reminded his secretary of finishing the report on time.
D. John scolded his secretary for not having finished the report
8. "I will pay back the money, Gloria." said Ivan.
A. Ivan apologized to Gloria for borrowing her money.
B. Ivan offered to pay Gloria the money back.
C. Ivan promised to pay back Gloria's money.
D. Ivan suggested paying back the money to Gloria.
9. The woman was too weak to lift the basket.
A. Although she was weak, she could lift the basket.
B. The woman shouldn't have lifted the basket because she was so weak.
C. She was so weak that she couldn't lift the basket.
D. The woman lifted the basket, so she wasn't very weak.
10. "If I were you, I would take a break," Tom said to Daisy.
A. Tom wanted to take a break with Daisy.
B. Tom advised Daisy to take a break.
C. Tom suggested not taking a break.
D. Tom wanted to take a break, and so did Daisy.
Make the best choice
1. He was sentenced to six months in prison for his part in the robbery.
A. He received a six months in prison for his part in the robbery.
B. He received a six-month sentence for his part in the robbery. (anh ta bị bắt giam 6 tháng tù vì tham gia vụ cướp)
C. For his participation in the robbery, he had been in prison for six months.
D. For his participation in the robbery, a prison had been given to him for six months.
2. Madeleine wears high heels to look taller.
A. In order to look taller, Madeleine wears high heels.
B. So that to look taller, Madeleine wears high heels.
C. Madeleine wants high heels to make her taller.
D. Madeleine buys high heels to look taller.
3. He started learning French six years ago.
A. He has learned French for six years.
B. It was six years ago did he start learning French.
C. He hasn't learnt French for six years.
D. It is six years since he has learnt French.
4. People believed he won a lot of money on the lottery.
A. He is believed that he won a lot of money on the lottery.
B. He won a lot of money on the lottery, it is believed.
C. He is believed to have won a lot of money on the lottery.
D. He was believed to win a lot of money on the lottery.
5. "Why don't you get your hair cut, Gavin?" said Adam.
A. Adam advised Gavin to cut his hair.
B. Gavin was suggested to have a haircut.
C. It was suggestible that Adam get Gavin's haircut.
D. Adam suggested that Gavin should have his haircut.
6. "Leave my house now or I'll call the police!" shouted the lady to the man.
A. The lady threatened to call the police if the man didn't leave her house.
B. The lady said that she would call the police if the man didn't leave her house.
C. The lady told the man that she would call the police if he didn't leave her house.
D. The lady informed the man that she would call the police if he didn't leave her house
7. "You should have finished the report by now" John told his secretary.
A. John reproached his secretary for not having finished the report. (reproach sb for not doing sth : trách ai đó không làm gì)
B. John said that his secretary had not finished the report.
C. John reminded his secretary of finishing the report on time.
D. John scolded his secretary for not having finished the report
8. "I will pay back the money, Gloria." said Ivan.
A. Ivan apologized to Gloria for borrowing her money.
B. Ivan offered to pay Gloria the money back.
C. Ivan promised to pay back Gloria's money.
D. Ivan suggested paying back the money to Gloria.
9. The woman was too weak to lift the basket.
A. Although she was weak, she could lift the basket.
B. The woman shouldn't have lifted the basket because she was so weak.
C. She was so weak that she couldn't lift the basket.
D. The woman lifted the basket, so she wasn't very weak.
10. "If I were you, I would take a break," Tom said to Daisy.
A. Tom wanted to take a break with Daisy.
B. Tom advised Daisy to take a break.
C. Tom suggested not taking a break.
D. Tom wanted to take a break, and so did Daisy.